环丙烷是一种高度环张力的三元碳环,具有独特的物理化学性质和结构特征,例如:
(1)三个碳原子共平面;
(2) C−C 键键长相对较短 (1.51 Å) ;
(3)C−C 键的π键特性较强;
(4)C−H 键比烷烃中的C−H 键的键长更短且强度更强。
正因为有这些非常吸引人的特性,所以环丙烷被广泛地应用于小分子药物中(图1),主要用于增强药效(图2),提高代谢稳定性(图3),降低外排比(图4),增加溶解度(图5),以及增加口服生物利用度(图 6)。近年来,环丙烷已被常用于小分子候选药物的发现, 部分原因是由于随着合成环丙烷化学的发展,在目标分子中引入环丙烷变得便捷且具备可操作性。
01
02
图2. 环丙烷可增强药效
03
图3. 环丙烷可提高代谢稳定性
04
图4. 环丙烷可降低外排比
05
图5. 环丙烷可以增加溶解度
06
图6.环丙烷可提高口服生物利用度
环丙烷化学发展
化学家一直致力于应用多功能环丙烷化学来合成含环丙烷的新型分子砌块,并不断优化含环丙烷产品的大规模生产的工艺。
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
[1] The “Cyclopropyl Fragment” is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules. Tanaji T. Talele. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, 8712-8756.
[2] Last, Stefaan Julien; Romanie Kesteleyn, Bart Rudolf; Grosse, Sandrine Celine; Maria Jonckers, Tim Hugo; Berke, Jan Martin; Paul Hache, Geerwin Yvonne; Jacoby, Edgar; Lecomte, Morgan Charles R.; Martinez Lamenca, Carolina; Tahri, Abdellah.;Amide derivatives useful in the treatment of HBV infection of HBV-Induced diseases.WO2020169784 A1, 2020
[3] Harper, Steven; Summa, Vincenzo; Liverton, Nigel J.; McCauley, Johh A. Macrocyclic quinoxaline compounds as HCV NS3 protease inhibitors.WO2010011566 A1, 2010
[4] Organic Process Research & Development, 2014, 18(11), 1527-1534
[5] Bjornson, Kyla; Canales, Eda; Cottell, Jeromy J.; Karki, Kapil Kumar; Katana, Ashley Anne; Kato, Darryl; Kobayashi, Tetsuya; Link, John O.; Martinez, Ruben; Phillips, Barton W.; et al Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus.WO2014008285 A1, 2014
[6] Organic Process Research & Development, 2018, 22(6), 728-735
[7] European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2004, #16, p. 3517 - 3525
[8] Synlett, 2003, # 2, p. 265 - 267
[9] Organic Letters, 2019, 21(4), 890-894
[10] Organic Letters 2022, 24(23), 4151-4154
[11] Organic Process Research & Development 2002, 6, 618−620
[12] Organic Letters 2020, 22(21), 8681-8686
[13] Organic Letters 2018, 20(10), 2867-2871
[14] Chemistry - A European Journal 2018, 24(6), 1455-1458
[15] Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2008, 18(20), 5493-5496
[16] RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 3741-3745
[17] ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(12), 1309-1313
还木有评论哦,快来抢沙发吧~